Chlamydia...

What Is It?


Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) spread by having unprotected sex with someone infected with bacteria called Chlamydia trachomatis. These bacteria are found in the urine and genital secretions of infected people. Chlamydia can affect several areas of the reproductive system, causing urethritis, vaginitis, cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Chlamydia also can cause eye infections and pneumonia in newborns delivered by mothers who have chlamydia.

Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the United States, with an estimated 4 million new infections occurring each year. Infections occur most often in unmarried people under age 25 who have had two or more sex partners during the previous year. In women, chlamydia that is not treated can lead to infertility, chronic pelvic pain and tubal pregnancy, in which the fertilized egg implants and grows in the fallopian tube, rather than the uterus.



Symptoms

About 75% of women and 50% of men with chlamydia have no symptoms. This is why many infected people remain untreated and can continue to spread the infection to others.

In women, chlamydia can cause:

• A burning sensation when urinating

• An abnormal vaginal discharge

• Light vaginal bleeding (especially after intercourse)

• Pain in the pelvis or lower abdomen

In men, chlamydia can cause:

• An abnormal release of fluid that is not urine or semen (called penile discharge)

• A burning sensation when urinating



Diagnosis

Because chlamydia may not cause any symptoms, your doctor will gauge your risk of having the infection based on your sexual history. For example, your doctor will ask if you have had sex without using condoms. Your doctor can confirm whether you have chlamydia by using a urine test or a swab to collect fluid from the urethra or cervix. If you are at risk of chlamydia, you should be tested at least once a year, even if you have no symptoms



Expected Duration

If untreated, chlamydia can last for many months, and during this time, bacteria can be spread to others through unprotected sex.



Prevention

Because chlamydia is a disease that can be spread during sexual intercourse, you can prevent chlamydia by:

• Not having sex

• Having sex with only one, uninfected person

• Always using male latex condoms during sexual activity

To prevent complications of untreated chlamydia, including infertility and tubal pregnancy, sexually active women at risk of chlamydia should have a routine pelvic examination with a chlamydia-screening test every year. To prevent chlamydia eye infections and pneumonia in newborns, pregnant women at risk of chlamydia should be screened.



Prevention

Because chlamydia is a disease that can be spread during sexual intercourse, you can prevent chlamydia by:

• Not having sex

• Having sex with only one, uninfected person

• Always using male latex condoms during sexual activity

To prevent complications of untreated chlamydia, including infertility and tubal pregnancy, sexually active women at risk of chlamydia should have a routine pelvic examination with a chlamydia-screening test every year. To prevent chlamydia eye infections and pneumonia in newborns, pregnant women at risk of chlamydia should be screened.